321 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
321 lines
6.7 KiB
Markdown
# Request
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A Koa `Request` object is an abstraction on top of node's vanilla request object,
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providing additional functionality that is useful for every day HTTP server
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development.
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## API
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### req.header
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Request header object.
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### req.method
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Request method.
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### req.method=
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Set request method, useful for implementing middleware
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such as `methodOverride()`.
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### req.length
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Return request Content-Length as a number when present, or `undefined`.
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### req.url
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Get request URL.
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### req.url=
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Set request URL, useful for url rewrites.
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### req.path
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Get request pathname.
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### req.path=
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Set request pathname and retain query-string when present.
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### req.querystring
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Get raw query string void of `?`.
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### req.querystring=
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Set raw query string.
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### req.search
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Get raw query string with the `?`.
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### req.search=
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Set raw query string.
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### req.host
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Get host void of port number when present. Supports `X-Forwarded-Host`
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when `app.proxy` is __true__, otherwise `Host` is used.
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### req.host=
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Set the `Host` header field to a new value.
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### req.type
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Get request `Content-Type` void of parameters such as "charset".
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```js
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var ct = this.type;
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// => "image/png"
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```
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### req.query
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Get parsed query-string, returning an empty object when no
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query-string is present. Note that this getter does _not_
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support nested parsing.
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For example "color=blue&size=small":
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```js
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{
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color: 'blue',
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size: 'small'
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}
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```
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### req.query=
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Set query-string to the given object. Note that this
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setter does _not_ support nested objects.
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```js
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this.query = { next: '/login' };
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```
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### req.fresh
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Check if a request cache is "fresh", aka the contents have not changed. This
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method is for cache negotiation between `If-None-Match` / `ETag`, and `If-Modified-Since` and `Last-Modified`. It should be referenced after setting one or more of these response headers.
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```js
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this.set('ETag', '123');
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// cache is ok
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if (this.fresh) {
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this.status = 304;
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return;
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}
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// cache is stale
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// fetch new data
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this.body = yield db.find('something');
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```
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### req.stale
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Inverse of `req.fresh`.
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### req.protocol
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Return request protocol, "https" or "http". Supports `X-Forwarded-Proto`
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when `app.proxy` is __true__.
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### req.secure
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Shorthand for `this.protocol == "https"` to check if a request was
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issued via TLS.
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### req.ip
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Request remote address. Supports `X-Forwarded-For` when `app.proxy`
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is __true__.
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### req.ips
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When `X-Forwarded-For` is present and `app.proxy` is enabled an array
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of these ips is returned, ordered from upstream -> downstream. When disabled
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an empty array is returned.
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### req.subdomains
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Return subdomains as an array.
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Subdomains are the dot-separated parts of the host before the main domain of
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the app. By default, the domain of the app is assumed to be the last two
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parts of the host. This can be changed by setting `app.subdomainOffset`.
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For example, if the domain is "tobi.ferrets.example.com":
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If `app.subdomainOffset` is not set, this.subdomains is `["ferrets", "tobi"]`.
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If `app.subdomainOffset` is 3, this.subdomains is `["tobi"]`.
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### req.is(type)
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Check if the incoming request contains the "Content-Type"
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header field, and it contains any of the give mime `type`s.
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If there is no request body, `undefined` is returned.
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If there is no content type, or the match fails `false` is returned.
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Otherwise, it returns the matching content-type.
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```js
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// With Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
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this.is('html'); // => 'html'
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this.is('text/html'); // => 'text/html'
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this.is('text/*', 'text/html'); // => 'text/html'
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// When Content-Type is application/json
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this.is('json', 'urlencoded'); // => 'json'
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this.is('application/json'); // => 'application/json'
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this.is('html', 'application/*'); // => 'application/json'
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this.is('html'); // => false
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```
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For example if you want to ensure that
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only images are sent to a given route:
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```js
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if (this.is('image/*')) {
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// process
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} else {
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this.throw(415, 'images only!');
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}
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```
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### req.accepts(types)
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Check if the given `type(s)` is acceptable, returning
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the best match when true, otherwise `false`, in which
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case you should respond with 406 "Not Acceptable".
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The `type` value may be one or more mime type string
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such as "application/json", the extension name
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such as "json", or an array `["json", "html", "text/plain"]`.
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When a list or array is given the _best_ match, if any is returned.
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Note that if the client did not send an `Accept` header,
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the first `type` will be returned.
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```js
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// Accept: text/html
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this.accepts('html');
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// => "html"
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// Accept: text/*, application/json
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this.accepts('html');
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// => "html"
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this.accepts('text/html');
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// => "text/html"
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this.accepts('json', 'text');
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// => "json"
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this.accepts('application/json');
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// => "application/json"
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// Accept: text/*, application/json
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this.accepts('image/png');
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this.accepts('png');
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// => undefined
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// Accept: text/*;q=.5, application/json
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this.accepts(['html', 'json']);
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this.accepts('html', 'json');
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// => "json"
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```
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You may call `this.accepts()` as may times as you like,
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or use a switch:
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```js
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switch (this.accepts('json', 'html', 'text')) {
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case 'json': break;
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case 'html': break;
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case 'text': break;
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default: this.throw(406);
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}
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```
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### req.acceptsEncodings(encodings)
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Check if `encodings` are acceptable, returning
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the best match when true, otherwise `identity`.
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```js
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// Accept-Encoding: gzip
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this.acceptsEncodings('gzip', 'deflate');
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// => "gzip"
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this.acceptsEncodings(['gzip', 'deflate']);
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// => "gzip"
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```
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When no arguments are given all accepted encodings
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are returned as an array:
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```js
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// Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
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this.acceptsEncodings();
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// => ["gzip", "deflate"]
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```
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### req.acceptsCharsets(charsets)
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Check if `charsets` are acceptable, returning
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the best match when true, otherwise `undefined`.
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```js
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// Accept-Charset: utf-8, iso-8859-1;q=0.2, utf-7;q=0.5
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this.acceptsCharsets('utf-8', 'utf-7');
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// => "utf-8"
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this.acceptsCharsets(['utf-7', 'utf-8']);
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// => "utf-8"
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```
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When no arguments are given all accepted charsets
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are returned as an array:
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```js
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// Accept-Charset: utf-8, iso-8859-1;q=0.2, utf-7;q=0.5
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this.acceptsCharsets();
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// => ["utf-8", "utf-7", "iso-8859-1"]
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```
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### req.acceptsLanguages(langs)
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Check if `langs` are acceptable, returning
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the best match when true, otherwise `undefined`.
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```js
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// Accept-Language: en;q=0.8, es, pt
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this.acceptsLanguages('es', 'en');
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// => "es"
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this.acceptsLanguages(['en', 'es']);
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// => "es"
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```
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When no arguments are given all accepted languages
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are returned as an array:
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```js
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// Accept-Language: en;q=0.8, es, pt
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this.acceptsLanguages();
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// => ["es", "pt", "en"]
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```
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### req.idempotent
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Check if the request is idempotent.
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### req.socket
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Return the request socket.
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### req.get(field)
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Return request header.
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