koa-lite/docs/api/context.md

Context

A Koa Context encapsulates node's request and response objects into a single object which provides many helpful methods for writing web applications and APIs.

Many accessors and methods simply delegate to their ctx.request or ctx.response equivalents for convenience, and are otherwise identical.

These operations are used so frequently in HTTP server development that they are added at this level, instead of a higher level framework, which would force middleware to re-implement this common functionality.

A Context is created per request, and is referenced in middleware as the receiver, or the this identifier, as shown in the following snippet:

app.use(function *(){
  this; // is the Context
  this.request; // is a koa Request
  this.response; // is a koa Response
});

Request aliases

The following accessors and alias Request equivalents:

• ctx.header
• ctx.method
• ctx.method=
• ctx.url
• ctx.url=
• ctx.path
• ctx.path=
• ctx.query
• ctx.query=
• ctx.querystring
• ctx.querystring=
• ctx.length
• ctx.host
• ctx.fresh
• ctx.stale
• ctx.socket
• ctx.protocol
• ctx.secure
• ctx.ip
• ctx.ips
• ctx.subdomains
• ctx.is()
• ctx.accepts()
• ctx.acceptsEncodings()
• ctx.acceptsCharsets()
• ctx.acceptsLanguages()
• ctx.get()

Response aliases

The following accessors and alias Response equivalents:

• ctx.body
• ctx.body=
• ctx.status
• ctx.status=
• ctx.length=
• ctx.type
• ctx.type=
• ctx.headerSent
• ctx.redirect()
• ctx.attachment()
• ctx.set()
• ctx.remove()
• ctx.lastModified=
• ctx.etag=

API

Context specific methods and accessors.

ctx.req

Node's request object.

ctx.res

Node's response object.

ctx.request

A koa Request object.

ctx.response

A koa Response object.

ctx.app

Application instance reference.

ctx.cookies.get(name, [options])

Get cookie name with options:

• signed the cookie requested should be signed

Note: koa uses the cookies module where options are simply passed.

ctx.cookies.set(name, value, [options])

Set cookie name to value with options:

• signed sign the cookie value
• expires a Date for cookie expiration
• path cookie path, /' by default
• domain cookie domain
• secure secure cookie
• httpOnly server-accessible cookie, true by default

Note: koa uses the cookies module where options are simply passed.

ctx.throw(msg, [status])

Helper method to throw an error with a .status property defaulting to 500 that will allow Koa to respond appropriately. The following combinations are allowed:

this.throw(403)
this.throw('name required', 400)
this.throw(400, 'name required')
this.throw('something exploded')

For example this.throw('name required', 400) is equivalent to:

var err = new Error('name required');
err.status = 400;
throw err;

Note that these are user-level errors and are flagged with err.expose meaning the messages are appropriate for client responses, which is typically not the case for error messages since you do not want to leak failure details.